I keep on seeing people saying that "primal (variant)/pie/patches kings have [x] pass rate" and I wanted to say something.

I have had many different main males, most with pie or primal mutations, and I know from experience that the pass rate varies between individuals, and there is no way to tell.

let's compare my current queen to the last mutated stud I had. She was a patches (corrupted), and I had her as my stud for about a month, maybe 2. I've had my current queen, who is a patches (frontal) for about the same amount of time. this may not be ENTIRELY accurate as perhaps some of the mutated cubs were deleted from the game.
I won't be counting non-mutated cubs for anything, as they are very frequently deleted from game and I promise that as of this moment they both have been bred approximately the same amount of times. if anything, my old queen was bred a bit more.

old queen: she has 4 patches passes showing in her cubs list. this seems about right to me, I don't think she had more than that.
her cubs

new queen: she has 7 patches passes showing in her cubs list. this also seems about right to me.
her cubs (number may fluctuate as she is active)

keep in mind that my old queen has had a good while to have her non-mutated cubs deleted from the game. I remember that when I retired her, she had 73 cubs total. ('tism moment, I remembered that number really well!) compared to my current queen's 68, I think that her 4/73 compared to my current queen's 7/68 proves that her 'pass rate' is lower.

you might argue that this difference is because they have different patches variations or something, but I disagree. and even if you do, I have more proof:

i have had 3 ferus kings, and all of them had very different pass rates.

1. i had him for just 30 days in which I didn't breed him very often or even roll over, I was regretting kinging him bc he was long heritage and not the prettiest. even in this short time, he pumped out primal cubs really well. It shows that he only had 1 ferus, but I'm pretty sure he had one more. you can see that he had a whole lot of regular primals. Cubs of Kurloz Makara

2. I had this one for a very very long time, longer than any of my other studs. About 4 months, i think? he was much less generous with his passing, It looks like he only had 3 feruses, though he may have had more who have just died by now. Cubs of Tavros Nitram

3. I had her for about 2 months, and while she was very pretty, she never passed ferus at all unfortunately. she did give me a nice felis though! Cubs of Kriemhild Gretchen

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Yeah, so, that's what I've got! if you have any more evidence supporting/refuting this, I'd like to see/hear :)

If you can find a pattern in how they work, that would be helpful!